Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Overview of Its Evolution and Applications
Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Overview of Its Evolution and Applications
Keywords:
Fermentación, Ingeniería Genética, Organismo genéticamente modificadoAbstract
This work presents a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution and contemporary applications of biotechnology, emphasizing its interdisciplinary nature and impact across multiple key sectors. It explores the empirical origins of the field, from ancient practices to current innovations such as gene editing through CRISPR-Cas9 and the integration of artificial intelligence in biotechnological processes. A chromatic classification is proposed to distinguish the various branches of biotechnology based on their fields of application: red (human health), green (agriculture), white (industrial), grey (environmental), blue (marine), yellow (food), gold (bioinformatics), violet (ethics and biosafety), brown (arid ecosystems), black (bioterrorism), and orange (education and outreach). This taxonomy enhances the understanding of biotechnology’s scope and fosters critical analysis of its scientific, social, and ethical implications. The manuscript also addresses challenges related to its development and adoption, including bioethical controversies, regulatory frameworks, and cultural variations in public acceptance. It highlights the fundamental role of biotechnology in tackling global challenges such as climate change, food security, public health, and environmental sustainability, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals. Altogether, the document serves as a valuable reference for researchers, educators, and professionals seeking to understand the breadth, depth, and global impact of biotechnology in the modern era.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Maria Guadalupe Rodriguez Vidarte, Essa Emiret Pacheco Reyes, Martha Catalina Bernal Ramírez, Mariana Díaz-Zaragoza, Omar Graciano-Machuca
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