Quitosano: actividad antimicrobiana y mecanismos de acción
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/e-cucba.v0i9.98Palabras clave:
Policatión, antifúngico, antibacteriano, mecanismos de acción.Resumen
En la actualidad, las restricciones en el uso de compuestos químicos sintéticos en la producción, procesamiento y conservación de los alimentos, así como en la salud humana y animal, han permitido una demanda importante de materiales versátiles para su uso en dichas áreas. El quitosano es un biopolímero catiónico que, además de ser un compuesto seguro, posee propiedades antifúngicas y antibacterianas, características que lo posicionan como un material importante. Los reportes de la actividad antimicrobiana del quitosano datan de los años 80´s; sin embargo, estudios in vitro e in vivo muestran la importancia de analizar las nuevas características de esta molécula. Asimismo, en la última década, diversos grupos de investigación se han dado a la tarea de estudiar sus mecanismos de acción, cuyos resultados han permitido el planteamiento de diversos modelos, los cuales se basan en la interacción del quitosano con diferentes blancos celulares.
Citas
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Palma-Guerrero, J., H. Jansson, J. Salinas & L. López-Llorca. 2008. Effect of chitosan on hyphal and spore germination of plant pathogenic and biocontrol fungi. Journal of Applied Microbiology 104: 541-553.
Raafat, D., K. Von Bargen, A. Haas & H.G. Sahl. 2008. Insights into the mode of action of chitosan as an antibacterial compound. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74: 3764-3773.
Romanazzi, G., E. Feliziani, M. Satini & L. Landi. 2013. Effectiveness of postharvest treatment with chitosan and others resistance inducers in the control of storage decay of strawberry. Postharvest Biology and Technology 75: 24-27.
Tsai, G.J., W.H. Su, H.C. Chen & C.L. Pan. 2002. Antimicrobial activity of shrimp chitin and chitosan from different treatments and applications of fish preservation. Fisheries Science 68: 170-77.
Verlee, A., S. Mincke & Ch.V. Stevens. 2017. Recent developments in antibacterial and antifungal chitosan and its derivatives. Carbohydrate Polymers 164: 268-283.
Xu, J., X. Zhao, X. Han & Y. Du. 2007a. Antifungal activity of oligochitosan against Phytophthora capsici and other pathogenic fungi in vitro. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 87: 220-228.
Xu, J., X. Zhao, X. Wang, Z. Zhao & Y. Du. 2007b. Oligochitosan inhibits Phytophthora capsici by penetrating the cell membrane and putative binding to intracellular target. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 88: 167-175.
Zhang, H., R. Li & W. Liu. 2011. Effects of chitin and its derivative chitosan on postharvest decay of fruits: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12: 917-934.
Bae, K., E.J. Jun, S.M. Lee, D.I. Paik & J.B. Kim. 2006. Effect of water-soluble reduced chitosan on Streptococcus mutans, plaque regrowth and biofilm vitality. Clinical Oral Investigations 10: 102-7.
Bautista-Baños, S., R.I. Ventura-Aguilar, Z. Correa-Pacheco & M.L. Corona-Rangel. 2017. Chitosan: a versatile antimicrobial polysaccharide for fruit and vegetables in postharvest a review. Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 23: 103-121.
Burkatovskaya, M., G.P. Tegos, E. Swietlik, T.N. Demidova, A.P. Castano & M.R. Hamblin. 2006. Use of chitosan bandage to prevent fatal infections developing from highly contaminated wounds in mice. Biomaterials 27: 4157-4164.
Choi, B.K., K.Y. Kim, Y.J. Yoo, S.J. oh, J.H. Choi & C.Y. Kim. 2001. In vitro antimicrobial activity of a chitooligosaccharide mixture against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus mutans. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 18: 553-557.
Costa, E., S. Silva, F. Tavaria & M. Pintado. 2014. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of chitosan on the oral pathogen Candida albicans. Pathogens 3: 908-919.
Costa, E.M., S. Silva, F.K. Tavaria & M.M. Pintado. 2013. Study of the effects of chitosan upon Streptococcus mutans adherence and biofilm formation. Anaerobe 20: 27-31.
El Ghaouth, A., J. Arul, A. Asselin & N. Benhamou. 1992a. Antifungal activity of chitosan on post-harvest pathogens: induction of morphological and citological alterations in Rhizopus stolonifer. Mycological Research 96: 769-779.
El Ghaouth, A., J. Arul, J. Grenier & A. Asselin. 1992b. Antifungal activity of chitosan on two postharvest pathogens of strawberry fruits. Phytopathology 82: 398-402.
Eweis, M., S.S. Elkholy & M.Z. Elsabee. 2006. Antifungal efficacy of chitosan and its thiourea derivatives upon the growth of some sugar-beet pathogens. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 38: 1-8.
Ganan, M., A.V. Carrascosa, & A.J. Martínez-Rodríguez. 2009. Antimicrobial activity of chitosan against Campylobacter spp. and other microorganisms and its mechanism of action. Journal of Food Protection 72: 1735-1738.
García-Rincón, J., J. Vega-Pérez, M.G. Guerra-Sánchez, A.N. Hernández-Lauzardo, A. Peña-Díaz & M.G. Velázquez-Del Valle. 2010. Effect of chitosan on growth and plasma membrane properties of Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.: Fr.) Vuill. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 97: 275-278.
Goy, C.R., D. De Britto & O.B.G. Assis. 2009. A review of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan. Polímeros: Ciencia e Tecnologia 19: 241-247.
Guo, Z., R. Xing, S. Liu, Z. Zhong, X. Ji, L. Wang & P. Li. 2008. The influence of molecular weight of quaternized chitosan on antifungal activity. Carbohydrate Polymers 71: 694-697.
Hernández-Lauzardo, A.N., M.G. Velázquez-Del Valle & M.G. Guerra-Sánchez. 2011. Current status of action mode and effect of chitosan against phytopathogens fungi. African Journal of Microbiology Research 5: 4243-4247.
Kelly, S.L., D.C. Lamb, D.E. Kelly, N.J. Manning, J. Loeffler, H. Hebart, U. Schumacher & H. Einsele. 1997. Resistance to fluconazole and cross-resistance to amphotericin B in Candida albicans from AIDS patients caused by defective sterol Δ5,6-desaturation. FEBS Microbiology Letters 400: 80-82.
Kong, M., X.G. Chen, K. Xing & H.J. Park. 2010. Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: A state of the art review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 144: 51-63.
Liu, H., Y. Du, X. Wang & L. Sun. 2004. Chitosan kills bacteria through cell membrane damage. International Journal of Food Microbiology 95: 147-55.
Liu, J., S. Tian, X. Meng & Y. Xu. 2007. Effects of chitosan on control of postharvest diseases and physiological responses of tomato fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 44: 300-306.
Martínez, L.R., M.R. Mihu, M. Tar, R.J.B. Cordero, G. Han, A.J. Friedman, J.M. Friedman & J.D. Nosanchuk. 2010. Demonstration of antibiofilm and antifungal efficacy of chitosan against candidal biofilms, using an in vivo central venous catheter model. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 201: 1436-1440.
Palma-Guerrero, J., I. Huang, H. Jansson, J. Salinas, L. López-Llorca & N. Read. 2009. Chitosan permeabilizes the plasma membrane and kills cells of Neurospora crassa in an energy dependent manner. Fungal Genetics and Biology 46: 585-594.
Palma-Guerrero, J., H. Jansson, J. Salinas & L. López-Llorca. 2008. Effect of chitosan on hyphal and spore germination of plant pathogenic and biocontrol fungi. Journal of Applied Microbiology 104: 541-553.
Raafat, D., K. Von Bargen, A. Haas & H.G. Sahl. 2008. Insights into the mode of action of chitosan as an antibacterial compound. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74: 3764-3773.
Romanazzi, G., E. Feliziani, M. Satini & L. Landi. 2013. Effectiveness of postharvest treatment with chitosan and others resistance inducers in the control of storage decay of strawberry. Postharvest Biology and Technology 75: 24-27.
Tsai, G.J., W.H. Su, H.C. Chen & C.L. Pan. 2002. Antimicrobial activity of shrimp chitin and chitosan from different treatments and applications of fish preservation. Fisheries Science 68: 170-77.
Verlee, A., S. Mincke & Ch.V. Stevens. 2017. Recent developments in antibacterial and antifungal chitosan and its derivatives. Carbohydrate Polymers 164: 268-283.
Xu, J., X. Zhao, X. Han & Y. Du. 2007a. Antifungal activity of oligochitosan against Phytophthora capsici and other pathogenic fungi in vitro. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 87: 220-228.
Xu, J., X. Zhao, X. Wang, Z. Zhao & Y. Du. 2007b. Oligochitosan inhibits Phytophthora capsici by penetrating the cell membrane and putative binding to intracellular target. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 88: 167-175.
Zhang, H., R. Li & W. Liu. 2011. Effects of chitin and its derivative chitosan on postharvest decay of fruits: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12: 917-934.
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Publicado
2018-12-20
Cómo citar
Jiménez Mejía, R., Arceo Martínez, M. T., & Loeza Lara, P. D. (2018). Quitosano: actividad antimicrobiana y mecanismos de acción. E-CUCBA, (9), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.32870/e-cucba.v0i9.98
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