Determination of total Aflatoxins (AFs) and AFB1 in sweets type “marzipan” of peanut and walnut marketed in Metropolitan zone of Guadalajara, Jalisco.

Jiménez-Ortega, Luis A., Cuevas-Sánchez, Bárbara Y., Patricio Martínez Severiano, Albarrán Rodríguez Esther, González Zamora Luis F. y Reyes Velázquez, Waldina P.

Abstract

Aflatoxins (AFs) are mycotoxins associated with various disorders in human health, highlighting the effects of mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic immunosuppression. The contamination of food with AFs is documented worldwide, with reports indicating high levels in cereals, nuts and peanuts. The purpose of the study was to detect the presence of total AFs and AFB1 in 66 samples of “marzipan” type sweets of different brands and lots. 54 corresponded to peanut sweets and 12 samples to almond and walnut sweets. The analytical techniques used were Immunoaffinity Chromatography and Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA). The results showed contamination with AFs in 100% of the peanut and walnut “marzipan” samples. The highest concentration was observed in the peanut-based confectionery (9.25 μg / kg), statistically different (P <0.05) from the average level of the walnut candy (1.17 μg / kg). The average levels of AFB1 detected in the samples of 2 brands of peanut “marzipan” (average levels: 19.8 μg / kg - 144.17 μg / kg) exceeded the limit established by international legislation for countries exporting peanut-based food products (15 μg / kg). In Mexico, there is no regulation that establishes the maximum limit allowed for AFs and AFB1 in peanuts, nuts and derived products. It is therefore necessary to review the Regulations to reduce the risk of exposure in the population.