Geographic distribution and uses of species of the genus Dioscorea

Abstract

Species of the genus Dioscorea are widely distributed throughout the world. It is a resource used in different countries because they produce tubers that offer numerous benefits for human health due to their diosgenin content, a compound that is used as: anti-inflammatory, androgenic, estrogenic and in the preparation of contraceptive drugs; It is also mentioned that these compounds have cytotoxic, antitumor, antifungal, immunoregulatory, hypoglycemic and cardiovascular properties, they are also used for the prevention and treatment of degenerative diseases. Species such as Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea cayenensis, Dioscorea colletii, Dioscorea deltoidea, Dioscorea futschauensis, Dioscorea nipponica, Dioscorea panthaica, Dioscorea parviflora, Dioscorea polygonoides, Dioscorea pseudojaponica, Dioscorea spongiosa, Dioscorea villosa, Dioscorea composita, Dioscorea zingiberensis, produce a higher concentration of diosgenin. The tubers and roots of this group are part of the oldest foods consumed by humans, given their high nutritional, ecological and economic level. In many tropical countries, the use of various tubers and roots of the genus Dioscorea play a very important role as a main source of energy and essential nutrients at low cost, they are also used as fodder for livestock and a source of income. This plant are rich in starch, vitamins, minerals and lipids, and have the potential to fight hunger in third world countries. Currently there is little or no knowledge in Mexico on how to cultivate these species.