MiRNAs como moléculas reguladoras en cáncer
miRNAs as regulatory molecules in cancer
Palabras clave:
ARN, biogénesis, oncogén, biomarcadoresResumen
Los miRNAs son RNA pequeños no codificantes que desempeñan un rol fundamental en la regulación génica post-transcripcional, participando en procesos biológicos clave como la proliferación, diferenciación y metabolismo celular. Su biogénesis involucra mecanismos altamente regulados, cuya alteración se ha asociado con el desarrollo de diversas patologías, entre ellas el cáncer. En el contexto tumoral, los miRNAs pueden actuar como oncogenes o supresores tumorales, afectando características fundamentales como la señalización proliferativa, evasión de supresores de crecimiento, resistencia a la muerte celular y metástasis. Esta revisión examina los mecanismos moleculares que regulan la síntesis y función de los miRNAs, así como su implicación en los procesos de oncogénesis. Además, se aborda su uso como biomarcadores y dianas terapéuticas, destacando las ventajas y los desafíos actuales en su implementación clínica.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Gabriela Sarai Navarro-Parga, Martha Cecilia Tellez Bañuelos, Fabiola Solorzano Ibarra, Yail Patricia Gómez Medel, Pablo Cesar Ortiz Lazareno
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
